Learning Objectives:
After completing this activity, participants should be able to:
- Apply correct therapeutic drug monitoring sampling principles—including 12-hour post-dose timing, steady-state requirements, and repeat testing—to obtain interpretable antipsychotic plasma levels.
- Assess subtherapeutic or undetectable levels to distinguish non-adherence and pseudo-resistance from true treatment resistance, and integrate this finding into decisions about clozapine and long-acting injectable therapy.
- Explain drug-specific TDM considerations across antipsychotics—including the clozapine algorithm and smoking effects, active-moiety measurement for risperidone and aripiprazole, the haloperidol therapeutic threshold, and monitoring in pregnancy.
Original Release Date: June 26, 2026
Expiration Date: June 26, 2029
Expert: John Kane, M.D.
Medical Editors: Flavio Guzmán, M.D.
Relevant Financial Disclosures:
John Kane declares the following interest:
Consultant or speaker fees from: AbbVie, Alkermes, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol Meyers-Squibb, Cerevel, Click Therapeutics, Dainippon Sumitomo, HealthRhythms, HLS Therapeutics, Intra-Cellular, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, LB Pharmaceuticals, Lundbeck, Mapi, Maplight, Merck, Minerva, Neurocrine, Newron, Novartis, NW PharmaTech, Otsuka, Saladax, Sunovion, Terran, and Teva.
Grant support from: Bristol Meyers-Squibb, Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Sunovion.
Royalties from: UpToDate.
Holds stock or stock options: Health Rhythms, LB Pharmaceuticals, Medincell, North Shore Therapeutics, NW Pharmatech, Reviva, Saladax, Terran, and Vanguard Research Group.
All the relevant financial relationships listed above have been mitigated by Medical Academy and the Psychopharmacology Institute.
None of the other faculty, planners, and reviewers for this educational activity has relevant financial relationships to disclose during the last 24 months with ineligible companies whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients.
Contact Information: For questions regarding the content or access to this activity, contact us at support@psychopharmacologyinstitute.com
Instructions for Participation and Credit:
Participants must complete the activity online within the valid credit period noted above.
Follow these steps to earn CME credit:
- View the required educational content provided on this course page.
- Complete the Post-Activity Evaluation to provide the necessary feedback for continuing accreditation purposes and for the development of future activities. NOTE: Completing the Post Activity Evaluation after the quiz is required to receive the earned credit.
- Download your certificate.
Accreditation Statement
This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the accreditation requirements and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education through the joint providership of Medical Academy LLC and the Psychopharmacology Institute. Medical Academy is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
Credit Designation Statement
Medical Academy designates this enduring activity for a maximum of 0.5 AMA PRA Category 1 credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Use Disclosure
Artificial intelligence (AI) tools may have been used in limited stages of developing this activity (e.g., drafting or language refinement). The specific tool, version, and date of use are documented internally.
AI does not determine clinical recommendations. All content is reviewed, verified, and approved by the listed faculty and medical editors, and reflects independent human clinical judgment consistent with ACCME Standards for Integrity and Independence in Accredited Continuing Education.
