Close Banner
Section Free  - Video Lectures

04. Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Depression: CANMAT Recommendations

Published on February 1, 2025 Certification expiration date: February 1, 2028

Sagar V. Parikh, M.D.

Professor of Depression and Clinical Neuroscience - University of Michigan

Key Points

  • St. John's wort is a first-line treatment for mild major depression according to CANMAT guidelines. 
  • Second-line treatments include adjunct St. John's wort, and L-methylfolate for mild to moderate depression.
  • Collaborative decision-making is key when considering complementary and alternative medicine treatments, setting goals and timeframes to assess effectiveness.

Free Downloads for Offline Access

  • Free Download PDF File
  • Free Download Audio File (MP3)
  • Free Download Video (MP4)

Slides and Transcript

Slide 1 of 9

In the treatment of depression, patients often have questions about herbs and other kinds of remedies. And it’s important to know that CANMAT has evaluated this in terms of evidence and suitability.

Slide 2 of 9

Here, we will just go over one table that provides summary recommendations of what we’re calling complementary and alternative medicine treatments for depression or CAM. So we are using our same format – first-line, second-line, third-line treatment recommendations – and we are using our same way of evaluating evidence. We thought that the evidence should be consistently used in evaluating these treatments in the same way that we evaluated psychotherapy and medication.
References:
  • Lam, R. W., Kennedy, S. H., Adams, C., Bahji, A., Beaulieu, S., Bhat, V., Blier, P., Blumberger, D. M., Brietzke, E., Chakrabarty, T., Do, A., Frey, B. N., Giacobbe, P., Gratzer, D., Grigoriadis, S., Habert, J., Husain, M. I., Ismail, Z., McGirr, A., … Milev, R. V. (2024). Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2023 Update on Clinical Guidelines for Management of Major Depressive Disorder in Adults: Réseau canadien pour les traitements de l'humeur et de l'anxiété (CANMAT) 2023 : Mise à jour des lignes directrices cliniques pour la prise en charge du trouble dépressif majeur chez les adultes. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 69(9), 641-687. https://doi.org/10.1177/07067437241245384
Free Files
Success!
Check your inbox, we sent you all the materials there.

Slide 3 of 9

We are listing a single agent, namely, St. John’s wort as a first-line treatment for major depression of mild severity. Note that we have qualified that recommendation to say that the depression is mild.
References:
  • Lam, R. W., Kennedy, S. H., Adams, C., Bahji, A., Beaulieu, S., Bhat, V., Blier, P., Blumberger, D. M., Brietzke, E., Chakrabarty, T., Do, A., Frey, B. N., Giacobbe, P., Gratzer, D., Grigoriadis, S., Habert, J., Husain, M. I., Ismail, Z., McGirr, A., … Milev, R. V. (2024). Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2023 Update on Clinical Guidelines for Management of Major Depressive Disorder in Adults: Réseau canadien pour les traitements de l'humeur et de l'anxiété (CANMAT) 2023 : Mise à jour des lignes directrices cliniques pour la prise en charge du trouble dépressif majeur chez les adultes. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 69(9), 641-687. https://doi.org/10.1177/07067437241245384

Slide 4 of 9

In second-line treatments, there is the use of adjunct St. John’s wort for moderate severity. There is acupuncture for mild severity, adjunct use of acupuncture for moderate severity and there is adjunct use of L-methylfolate for either mild or moderate severity.
References:
  • Lam, R. W., Kennedy, S. H., Adams, C., Bahji, A., Beaulieu, S., Bhat, V., Blier, P., Blumberger, D. M., Brietzke, E., Chakrabarty, T., Do, A., Frey, B. N., Giacobbe, P., Gratzer, D., Grigoriadis, S., Habert, J., Husain, M. I., Ismail, Z., McGirr, A., … Milev, R. V. (2024). Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2023 Update on Clinical Guidelines for Management of Major Depressive Disorder in Adults: Réseau canadien pour les traitements de l'humeur et de l'anxiété (CANMAT) 2023 : Mise à jour des lignes directrices cliniques pour la prise en charge du trouble dépressif majeur chez les adultes. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 69(9), 641-687. https://doi.org/10.1177/07067437241245384
Free Files
Success!
Check your inbox, we sent you all the materials there.

Slide 5 of 9

When we go to third-line treatments, there are several agents and all of them have only modest evidence but at least they have half of a pie, half of a green circle. And these third-line treatments include: the adjunct SAMe for mild to moderate severity. There is DHEA for for mild major depression. Omega-3 fatty acids which is strictly for mild severity.
References:
  • Lam, R. W., Kennedy, S. H., Adams, C., Bahji, A., Beaulieu, S., Bhat, V., Blier, P., Blumberger, D. M., Brietzke, E., Chakrabarty, T., Do, A., Frey, B. N., Giacobbe, P., Gratzer, D., Grigoriadis, S., Habert, J., Husain, M. I., Ismail, Z., McGirr, A., … Milev, R. V. (2024). Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2023 Update on Clinical Guidelines for Management of Major Depressive Disorder in Adults: Réseau canadien pour les traitements de l'humeur et de l'anxiété (CANMAT) 2023 : Mise à jour des lignes directrices cliniques pour la prise en charge du trouble dépressif majeur chez les adultes. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 69(9), 641-687. https://doi.org/10.1177/07067437241245384

Slide 6 of 9

And there are reports which made it to the third-line recommendation although we had a lot of discussion whether it was really appropriate, in the end we did put it in these tables. So specific doses of saffron, lavender or roseroot for mild severity of major depression.
References:
  • Lam, R. W., Kennedy, S. H., Adams, C., Bahji, A., Beaulieu, S., Bhat, V., Blier, P., Blumberger, D. M., Brietzke, E., Chakrabarty, T., Do, A., Frey, B. N., Giacobbe, P., Gratzer, D., Grigoriadis, S., Habert, J., Husain, M. I., Ismail, Z., McGirr, A., … Milev, R. V. (2024). Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2023 Update on Clinical Guidelines for Management of Major Depressive Disorder in Adults: Réseau canadien pour les traitements de l'humeur et de l'anxiété (CANMAT) 2023 : Mise à jour des lignes directrices cliniques pour la prise en charge du trouble dépressif majeur chez les adultes. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 69(9), 641-687. https://doi.org/10.1177/07067437241245384
Free Files
Success!
Check your inbox, we sent you all the materials there.

Slide 7 of 9

The decision to use complementary and alternative medicine treatments is a controversial one for clinicians. It’s important in the initial phase that we consider collaborative decision making and therapeutic alliance building. Collaborative decision making is a key principle across all treatments for depression. If a person is shy about using medications, show them this table. Look at it collaboratively to help the patient pick what they want but put it in a framework that is, how will we judge if it is working just in the same way that we judge if a psychotherapy or medication is working? And what you should do is engage in a discussion with the patient that you say how long we’re going to try this treatment and how we will know that you find it useful.
References:
  • Lam, R. W., Kennedy, S. H., Adams, C., Bahji, A., Beaulieu, S., Bhat, V., Blier, P., Blumberger, D. M., Brietzke, E., Chakrabarty, T., Do, A., Frey, B. N., Giacobbe, P., Gratzer, D., Grigoriadis, S., Habert, J., Husain, M. I., Ismail, Z., McGirr, A., … Milev, R. V. (2024). Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2023 Update on Clinical Guidelines for Management of Major Depressive Disorder in Adults: Réseau canadien pour les traitements de l'humeur et de l'anxiété (CANMAT) 2023 : Mise à jour des lignes directrices cliniques pour la prise en charge du trouble dépressif majeur chez les adultes. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 69(9), 641-687. https://doi.org/10.1177/07067437241245384

Slide 8 of 9

The time frame for that probably could be similar to what we use for psychotherapy or medication trials. So you could say let’s try this for eight weeks before deciding whether to stick with it or change it. And you can also reassure them there’s no harm in continuing or even adding psychotherapy while we’re investigating this complementary medication treatment.
References:
  • Lam, R. W., Kennedy, S. H., Adams, C., Bahji, A., Beaulieu, S., Bhat, V., Blier, P., Blumberger, D. M., Brietzke, E., Chakrabarty, T., Do, A., Frey, B. N., Giacobbe, P., Gratzer, D., Grigoriadis, S., Habert, J., Husain, M. I., Ismail, Z., McGirr, A., … Milev, R. V. (2024). Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2023 Update on Clinical Guidelines for Management of Major Depressive Disorder in Adults: Réseau canadien pour les traitements de l'humeur et de l'anxiété (CANMAT) 2023 : Mise à jour des lignes directrices cliniques pour la prise en charge du trouble dépressif majeur chez les adultes. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 69(9), 641-687. https://doi.org/10.1177/07067437241245384
Free Files
Success!
Check your inbox, we sent you all the materials there.

Slide 9 of 9

1 CANMAT provides evidence-based recommendations for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments for depression, categorizing them into first-line, second-line, and third-line options based on efficacy and severity of depression. 2. Collaborative decision-making is crucial when considering CAM treatments for depression. 3. Discuss treatment duration and effectiveness criteria with patients when using CAM treatments.

Learning Objectives:

After completing this activity, the learner will be able to:

  1. Explain how evidence levels and treatment lines are determined in clinical practice guidelines, including the role of safety, tolerability, and feasibility in treatment recommendations.
  2. Implement collaborative decision-making principles when selecting depression treatments, including setting remission as a target and discussing suicide risk management with patients and families.
  3. Apply a stepwise approach to managing difficult-to-treat depression, incorporating appropriate medication augmentation strategies and neurostimulation techniques based on patient response and preferences.

Original Release Date: February 1, 2025

Expiration Date: February 1, 2028

Expert: Sagar Parikh, M.D.

Medical Editor: Flavio Guzmán, M.D. 

Relevant Financial Disclosures: 

Sagar Parikh declares the following interests:

- Aifred, Boehringer Ingelheim, Mensante, Otsuka, Sage, Compass, Janssen: Consultant or research support

All of the relevant financial relationships listed above have been mitigated by Medical Academy and the Psychopharmacology Institute.

None of the other faculty, planners, and reviewers for this educational activity have relevant financial relationships to disclose during the last 24 months with ineligible companies whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients.

Contact Information: For questions regarding the content or access to this activity, contact us at support@psychopharmacologyinstitute.com

Instructions for Participation and Credit:

Participants must complete the activity online during the valid credit period that is noted above.

Follow these steps to earn CME credit:

  1. View the required educational content provided on this course page.

  2. Complete the Post Activity Evaluation for providing the necessary feedback for continuing accreditation purposes and for the development of future activities. NOTE: Completing the Post Activity Evaluation after the quiz is required to receive the earned credit.

  3. Download your certificate.

Accreditation Statement

This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the accreditation requirements and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education through the joint providership of Medical Academy LLC and the Psychopharmacology Institute. Medical Academy is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

Credit Designation Statement

Medical Academy designates this enduring activity for a maximum of 1.25 AMA PRA Category 1 credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Free Files
Success!
Check your inbox, we sent you all the materials there.
Continue in the website
Instant access modal

Become a Bronze, Silver, Gold, Bronze extended, Silver extended or Gold extended Member.

2025–26 Psychopharmacology CME Program

Unlock up to 155 CME Credits, including 40 SA CME Credits.